Lí thuyết về thì quá khứ hoàn thành – Past perfect tense

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành là gì?

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành là thì dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành được sử dụng khi nào? 

- Khi hai hành động cùng xảy ra trong quá khứ, hành động xảy ra trước dùng quá khứ hoàn thành và hành động xảy ra sau sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn.

Ví dụ: I went to the movies with my friends after my mother had came back (Tôi đã đi xem phim cùng bạn sau khi mẹ tôi về).

- Sử dụng để diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài đến một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ hoặc trước một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ.

Ví dụ: By the time we arrived, Lan had gone out (Vào thời điểm chúng tôi đến, Lan đã đi ra ngoài).

- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra như là điều kiện đầu tiên cho một hành động khác

Ví dụ: I had prepared for the exams and was ready to do well. (Tôi đã chuẩn bị cho bài kiểm tra và sẵn sàng để làm tốt).

- Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại ba để diễn ra điều kiện không có thực ở quá khứ

Ví dụ: If I had enough money, I could have bought a new iphone. (Nếu tôi có đủ tiền, tôi đã có thể mua một chiếc iphone mới).

Cấu trúc thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Câu khẳng định 

S + had + V3/ed

Ví dụ: You had met him before

Câu phủ định

S + had + not + V3/ed

Ví dụ: She had not finished her homework.

Câu nghi vấn (Yes/No Question)

Had + S + V3/ed?

Câu trả lời:

Yes, S + had

No, S had + not

Ví dụ: Had they visited the museum? Yes, she had

Câu nghi vấn (WH- question)

When/Where/Why/What/How + had + S + V3 + O?

Ví dụ: 

Where had she gone before her mother called?

Dấu hiệu thì quá khứ hoàn thành

- Until then, prior to that time, as soon as, by. 

- Before, after, when, by the time + S; By the end of + thời gian trong quá khứ.

- Already, never, still, just, ever, yet.

Xem thêm:  Tổng hợp 12 thì trong tiếng Anh

Bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đung để hoàn thành các câu sau:

1. He (suffer) …… a serious injury while climbing so his legs (ache) ………. badly at night. 

A. suffered – ached 

B. had suffered – ached

C. was suffering – had ached 

D. has been suffering – had been ached

2. I (not/have) …….. any meetings yesterday so I was free and went shopping all day

A. had not had 

B. Had not have 

C. Did not had 

D. Had not having 

3. They were tired in the afternoon because they (study) ………….. 3 shifts of P.E in the morning. 

A. was studying 

B. Studied 

C. Had studied 

D. Has studied 

4. The singer caught the flu after she (sing) …………….. under the heavy rain for a long time. 

A. had been singing 

B. Had sung 

C. sang 

D. Was singing 

5. How long she (learn) ……… French before she went to France to study? 

A. had she learnt 

B. did she learnt 

C. was she learning 

D. is she learn 

6. ……….. she (found) a new apartment after she had left the old one? 

A. Had she found 

B. Did she found 

C. Will she found 

D. Was she finding 

7. We (look) ………. up the meaning of the words in the dictionary for 2 hours before we realized it was mentioned in our textbook.

A. had looked 

B. had been looking 

C. had looked 

D. looked

8. ………… (Had) you breakfast before you came here?

A. Had had you 

B. Did you have 

C. Do you have 

D. Had you had 

9. The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) ……….. six weeks before.

A. has put on 

B. had put on 

C. had been putting on 

D. was put on

10. They (wait) at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived.

A. had waited 

B. had been waiting 

C. was waiting 

D. waited

Đáp án

1. B – had suffered – ached

2. A – had not had 

3. C – Had studied 

4. B – Had sung 

5. A – had she learnt 

6. B – Did she found 

7. A – had looked 

8. D – Had you had 

9. B – had put on 

10. A – had waited 

Bài 2: Sắp xếp thành 1 câu hoàn chỉnh và chia động từ theo quá khứ hoàn thành hoặc quá khư đơn

1. The tornado destroyed the tent that we (build) ____________.

2. She (not / be) ____________ to Hanoi before 2018.

3. When he went out to play, he (do / already) ____________ his homework.

4. My sister ate all of the cake that our mum (make) ____________ .

5. The nurse took off the plaster that she (put on) ____________ six weeks before.

6. The waitress brought a drink that I (not / order) ____________ .

7. I could not remember the song we (learn) ____________ three week before.

8. The children collected mangos that (fall) ____________ from the tree.

9. (she / phone) ____________ Nam before she went to see him in Laos?

10. He (not / ride) ____________ a elephants before that day.

Đáp án

1. had built

2. had not been

3. had already done

4. had made

5. had put on

6. had not ordered

7. had learned

8. had fallen

9. had she phoned

10. had not ridden

Bài 3: Sắp xếp các từ có sẵn thành câu hoàn chỉnh

1. breakfast / before / eat / john / his / leaves / always / house / the.
2. finish / the team / the report / by / have to / they / before / presentation / their / start.
3. hospital / she / visit / after / called / the doctor / her.
4. flight / to / have / arrive / before / passengers / the airport / two hours / their.
5. want / meet / with / you / coffee / before / have / do / to / we?
6. alarm / set / forgot / before / sleep / to / he / go / his / to.

Đáp án

1. John always eats breakfast before he leaves the house.
2. The team has to finish the report before their presentation starts.
3. She visited the hospital after the doctor called her.
4. Passengers have to arrive at the airport two hours before their flight.
5. Do you want to have coffee before we meet?
6. He forgot to set his alarm before he went to sleep.

Bài 4: Gạch chân dạng đúng của động từ.

1. When we reached / had reached the hotel, the guests left / had left already.
2. Did you feel / Had you felt excited when you saw / had seen the surprise party?
3. It was / had been morning, and the workers just arrived / had just arrived.
4. Lisa didn’t attend / hadn’t attended the concert because she bought / had bought tickets for another event.
5. Tom was happy when he found / had found that he received / had received the job offer.
6. The teacher got / had got frustrated because the students didn’t complete / hadn’t completed their homework.
7. She was / had been sleepy since she stayed / had stayed up late the night before.
8. By the time Sarah decided / had decided to book the tickets, the seats were sold / had been sold out.

Đáp án:

1. When we reached the hotel, the guests had left already.
2. Did you feel excited when you saw the surprise party?
3. It was morning, and the workers had just arrived.
4. Lisa didn’t attend the concert because she had bought tickets for another event.
5. Tom was happy when he found that he had received the job offer.
6. The teacher got frustrated because the students hadn’t completed their homework.
7. She was sleepy since she had stayed up late the night before.
8. By the time Sarah decided to book the tickets, the seats had been sold out.

Xem thêm:

Lí thuyết về thì quá khứ đơn - Past simple tense
Lí thuyết về thì quá khứ tiếp diễn – Past continuous tense

Kết luận

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