Lí thuyết về thì quá khứ đơn - Past simple tense

Thì quá khứ đơn là gì?

Thì quá khứ đơn (past simple) là thì dùng để diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra và kết thúc ở một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.

Thì quá khứ đơn được sử dụng khi nào? 

- Sử dụng để diễn tả những sự việc thường xảy ra, hay thói quen của ai đó trong quá khứ:

Ví dụ:

As kids, we played all kinds of video games.

(Khi còn nhỏ, chúng tôi đã chơi đủ các loại trò chơi điện tử.)

- Sử dụng để tả tình trạng, trạng thái của con người hay sự vật.

Ví dụ:

She looked upset. I wonder what’s wrong.

(Cô ấy trông như đang buồn. Tôi thắc mắc chuyện gì đã xảy ra.)

- Diễn tả những sự kiện, sự việc xảy ra liên tiếp nhau trong quá khứ.

Ví dụ:

I took the key and went to my grandma’s.

(Tôi đã lấy chìa khóa và đi đến chỗ bà tôi.)

Cấu trúc thì quá khứ đơn

Câu khẳng định

S + was/ were + O

S + V-ed  + O

S = I/ He/ She/ It (số ít) + was

S= We/ You/ They (số nhiều) + were

Ví dụ: 

My laptop was broken yesterday. => Máy tính của tôi đã bị hỏng hôm qua.

She watched this movie in cinema yesterday. ==> Cô ấy đã xem bộ phim ở rạp chiếu phim ngày hôm qua.

Câu phủ định 

S + was/were not + Object/Adj

Lưu ý:

– was not = wasn’t

– were not = weren’t

S + did not + V

Ví dụ:

She wasn’t very happy last night because of having lost her wallet. ==> Tối qua cô ấy không vui vì mất ví tiền.

Leo didn’t play football last Friday. ==> Anh ấy đã không chơi bóng đá vào thứ sáu tuần trước.

Câu nghi vấn

Q: Was/Were+ S + Object/Adj?

     Did + S + V?

A: Yes, S + was/were.

     No, S + wasn’t/weren’t.

Ví dụ: 

- Were Lia at work yesterday? => Hôm qua Lia có đi làm không?

  Yes, she was./ No, they wasn’t. => Có, cô ý có./ Không, cô ý không.

Did she miss the train yesterday? => Cô ta có lỡ chuyến tàu ngày hôm qua hay không?

Yes, She did./ No, She didn’t. => Có, cô ý có./ Không, cô ý không.

Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ đơn

Những từ chỉ mốc thời gian trong quá khứ: Yesterday, last night, last week, last month, last year, ago

At/ on/ in,.. + thời gian ở quá khứ

When + mệnh đề được chia ở quá khứ đơn

Những khoảng thời gian đã qua trong ngày: This morning, this afternoon, today

Bài tập thì quá khứ đơn

Bài 1: Chia động từ 

1. I (not go) ______ to school last Sunday.

2. ______She (get) ______ married last year?

3. What  ______you (do) ______ last night? - I (do) ______ my homework.

4. I (love) ______ him but no more.

5. Yesterday, I (get) ______ up at 6 and (have) ______ breakfast at 6.30

6. What _____she _________ (eat) for dinner yesterday?

7. I _________ (buy) many souvenirs for my parents.

8. My brother _________ (write) my mother several letters.

9. Helen _________ (help) me with my homework last week.

10. I _________ (return) to Seoul yesterday.

Đáp án

1. don’t go

2. Did/get

3. did/do/did

4. used to love

5. Got/ had

6. Did/eat

7. bought

8. wrote

9. helped

10. returned

Bài 2: Điền vào chỗ trống dạng đúng của động từ và trả lời câu hỏi

Yesterday (be).......... Sunday, Nam (get)...............up at six. He (do) ........... his morning exercises. He (take) ...............a shower, (comb).............. hair, and then he (have) .............. breakfast with his parents. Nam (eat)............ a bowl of noodles and (drink) ........a glass of milk for his breakfast. After breakfast, he (help) .............. Mom clean the table. After that, he (brush).......... his teeth, (put).......... on clean clothes, and (go)............ to his grandparents' house. He (have) .............. lunch with his grandparents. He (return) to his house at three o'clock. He (do).............. his homework. He (eat).......... dinner at 6. 30. After dinner, his parents (take).......... him to the movie theater. It (be)...............a very interesting film. They (come) .............. back home at 9. 30. Nam (go)................... to bed at ten o'clock.

1. What day was yesterday? .................................................................................

2. What time did Nam get up? ..............................................................................

3. What did he do after breakfast?.........................................................................

4. Who did he have lunch with? ...........................................................................

5. What time did he have dinner?..........................................................................

6. What time did Nam go to bed? ........................................................................

Đáp án

Yesterday (be).....was..... Sunday, Nam (get).....got..........up at six. He (do) .....did......his morning exercises. He (take)......took......a shower, (comb)......combed...hair, and then he (have)....had..........breakfast with his parents. Nam (eat).....ate..... a bowl of noodles and (drink) ....drank....a glass of milk for his breakfast. After breakfast, he (help)...helped........ Mom clean the table. After that, he (brush).....brushed.....his teeth, (put)...put.......on clean clothes, and (go)...went......... to his grandparents' house. He (have).......had....... lunch with his grandparents. He (return)...returned....to his house at three o'clock. He (do).....did.......his homework. He (eat)......ate....dinner at 6. 30. After dinner, his parents (take).....took....him to the movie theater. It (be)....was.......a very interesting film. They (come)......came.......back home at 9. 30. Nam (go)........went.....to bed at ten o'clock.

Trả lời câu hỏi

1 - It was Sunday.

2 - He got up at six.

3 - He helped his mother clean the table.

4 - He had lunch with his grandparents.

5 - He had dinner at 6.30.

6 - He went to bed at ten o'clock.

Bài tập 3: Hoàn thành câu bằng cách dùng từ gợi ý dưới đây

1. She/ buy/ new dress/ last Sunday.

2. They/ play/ football/ last weekend.

3. My sister/ watch/ TV/ for 3 hours/ yesterday evening.

4. We/ visit/ grandparents/ last month.

5. The teacher/ give/ us/ homework/ yesterday.

6. My brother/ travel/ to/ Da Nang/ last summer.

7. They/ clean/ house/ last Saturday.

8. I/ read/ interesting book/ last night.

9. She/ not go/ to/ the party/ yesterday.

10. We/ meet/ our friends/ in/ the park/ last Sunday.

Đáp án

1. She bought a new dress last Sunday.

2. They played football last weekend.

3. My sister watched TV for 3 hours yesterday evening.

4. We visited our grandparents last month.

5. The teacher gave us homework yesterday.

6. My brother traveled to Da Nang last summer.

7. They cleaned the house last Saturday.

8. I read an interesting book last night.

9. She didn’t go to the party yesterday.

10. We met our friends in the park last Sunday.

Bài tập 4: Dùng các từ sau để hoàn thành các câu phía dưới

(Từ cho sẵn: Take, Draw, Win, Eat, Drive)

1. They ____ a taxi to the airport.

2. John ____ a beautiful picture yesterday.

3. She ____ the competition last year.

4. We ____ pizza for dinner last night.

5. He ____ to the city center last Monday.

Đáp án

1. They took a taxi to the airport.

2. John drew a beautiful picture yesterday.

3. She won the competition last year.

4. We ate pizza for dinner last night.

5. He drove to the city center last Monday.

Bài tập 5: Hoàn thành những câu dưới đây với động từ dạng phủ định

1. She was very tired, so she ______________ the movie. (watch)

2. I was hungry, but I ______________ anything. (cook)

3. The store was closed, so we ______________ shopping. (go)

4. He saw a snake, but it ______________ him. (bite)

5. My friends invited me to a party, but I ______________ them. (join)

Đáp án

1. She didn't watch the movie.

2. I didn’t cook anything.

3. We didn’t go shopping.

4. It didn’t bite him.

5. I didn’t join them.

Xem thêm:

Lí thuyết về thì quá khứ tiếp diễn – Past continuous tense
Lí thuyết về thì quá khứ hoàn thành – Past perfect tense

Kết luận

Cuối cùng, Học là Giỏi hi vọng đã đem đến cho các bạn những kiến thức bổ ích về thì quá khứ đơn - The Past simple tense. Với những kiến thức này, các bạn có thể ứng dụng trong học tập và các tình huống giao tiếp thường gặp. Chúc các bạn học tốt!